This dataset is the spatiotemporal distribution data of 1-km temperature vegetation drought index in the Heilongjiang River Basin in the China Mongolia Russia Economic Corridor Disaster Database from 2007 to 2018, with a total of 84 raster files. They are collected and organized by the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. They can be used for drought monitoring and research, providing an important basis for disaster prevention and mitigation, and mitigating the negative impact of meteorological disasters.